Human-Wildlife Conflict and Paths Toward Coexistence in the Southeastern U.S.

“Human-wildlife conflicts” (HWCs) – generally defined as negative interactions between people and wildlife – persist in various contexts all over the world. African elephants (Loxodonta africana) destroying crops can threaten food security, urban black bear (Ursus americanus) activity in Western NC is causing fear in communities, crop raiding by rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) in Nepal is hurting farmers’ revenue, and an overpopulation of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in the Eastern United States contributes to vehicular collisions that are costly in life for both deer and humans. Given the widespread consequences of HWC in terms of impact on economic and food security, public health and safety, and biodiversity conservation, true sustainable development necessitates addressing HWC and working towards coexistence with other species. My departmental honors thesis research examines current approaches to HWC in the southeastern region of the United States and identifies key factors that could make conflict resolution more meaningful and sustainable. I begin by reviewing the literature on human-wildlife conflicts, using this to identify three key factors that make conflict resolution activities sustainable: community involvement, precautionary/preventative approaches, and consideration of social attitudes and perceptions. I then describe three charismatic megafauna species at the heart of HWCs in the Southeastern U.S. in order to highlight current approaches to dealing with HWC in this region and possible areas for growth. Finally, I turn to interviews with HWC practitioners in order to understand more about current approaches and programs, challenges, constraints, and opportunities. My findings will enable me to propose strategies for improving individual programs and organizations in the southeast US. This research will provide a beginning framework for ensuring HWC levels become a measure of achieving sustainable development.<p></p>